A catastrophic charge density wave in BaFe$_2$Al$_9$
William R. Meier, Bryan C. Chakoumakos, Satoshi Okamoto, Michael A. McGuire, Raphaël P. Hermann, German D. Samolyuk, Shang Gao, Qiang Zhang, Matthew B. Stone, Andrew D. Christianson, Brian C. Sales
Charge density waves (CDW) are modulations of the electron density and the
atomic lattice that develop in some crystalline materials at low temperature.
We report an unusual example of a CDW in BaFe$_2$Al$_9$ below 100\,K. In
contrast to the canonical CDW phase transition, temperature dependent physical
properties of single crystals reveal a first-order phase transition. This is
accompanied by a discontinuous change in the size of the crystal lattice. In
fact, this large strain has catastrophic consequences for the crystals causing
them to physically shatter. Single crystal x-ray diffraction reveals
super-lattice peaks in the low-temperature phase signaling the development of a
CDW lattice modulation. No similar low-temperature transitions are observed in
BaCo$_2$Al$_9$. Electronic structure calculations provide one hint to the
different behavior of these two compounds; the d-orbital states in the Fe
compound are not completely filled. Iron compounds are renowned for their
magnetism and partly filled d-states play a key role. It is therefore
surprising that BaFe$_2$Al$_9$ develops a structural modulation instead at low
temperature instead of magnetic order.